Table 3. Genetic distances among the different rabbit
FIS with positive values but were closed to zero which
indicated low inbreeding within the population. In
addition, the negative FIS values would reflect random
sampling error or the individual has fewer homozygotes
than one would expect by chance at the genome-wide
level. The values of FST for the nine loci are shown in table
breeds
New Zealand
Rabbit breeds Chinchilla
Babion
0.5
Flander California
White
Chinchilla
New Zealand
White
Babion
Flander
0
0.235
0.529
0.353
0.235
0
0
0.382
0
0.265
0
0.382
0.353
0
California
2.
The
FST
values
fluctuated
from
0.029
(INRACCDDV0036) to 0.785 (INRACCDDV0022).
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and private alleles
over the studied breeds
Other reports showed that the emphatically low FST
2010). Additionally, FST comparisons from entirely
unexpected components of the genome will offer bits of
knowledge into the demographic history of populations
(Holsinger and Weir, 2009). Shannon’s Information index
(I) averaged 0.66 and ranged between 0.27
(INRACCDDV0022) to 1.1 (INRACCDDV0036). This
record is a proportion of strength and it is the likelihood
that two individuals randomly represented from an
infinitely population will be different species. In addition,
Simpson's Index is usually expressed as the reciprocal, so
the higher values represent higher diversity which was
indorsed by the patterns of the neighbor-joining
phylogenetic tree (Figure 4). Moreover, the genetic
diversity within individuals (78%) and among breeds
(22%) was highly significant (Table 5). In addition, gene
flow (Nm) ranged from 0.068 at INRACCDDV0022 to
8.508 at INRACCDDV0036 and averaged 3.541. Slatkin
(1985) counted that if the value of Nm >1, the quality
trade among populace can avert the effect of genetic drift
and diminish the genetic divergence among populaces. In
the current study, the obtained Nm was indicating that the
gene flow was one of the significant variables impacting
the genetic construction of rabbits' populations. The
moderately high gene flow likely averts genetic
distinctions, which is the purpose behind the watched low
genetic differences. That is the motivation behind why the
difference within individuals was higher than that among
breeds. Along these, the absence of differentiation
between many breeds such as NZW and California is
credited to gene flow.
It can be expected that gene flow would be
constrained, and that reasonable level of genetic structure
would be obvious among test from individuals selected
from the area isolated by obstructions and separations
more than a few kilometers. Be that as it may,
investigations dependent on 9 microsatellite loci from 128
rabbits uncovered all chromosomes, therefore this study
assumed to be in low to adequate level of genetic diversity
report brief that microsatellite markers utilized in
investigations of genetic variation and distances should
don't have any less than four alleles in order to curtail the
that such microsatellite markers should have a Ho of
somewhere in the range of 0.3 and 0.8 inside the
Among the nine loci, the Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium (HW) was highly significant differentiated
(P≥0.001) for five loci, but not significant with four loci
(Table 4). Although, INRACCDDV0241 locus was highly
significant for Babion, it was not significant for NZW,
Flander, and Chinchilla. Instead, the INRACCDDV0022
locus was highly significant in NZW, it was significant in
Chinchilla, California, and Babion breeds (Table 4).
Moreover, all the microsatellite loci in this examination
were polymorphic, showing that the loci were appropriate
for the genetic investigation of lab rabbits in Egypt.
Private alleles were likewise present in five alleles and
were realized in Babion breed (Figure 3). The locus
INRACCDDV0023 had two private alleles at 293 and 297
bp with allele frequency 0.4 (freq: 0.4), and 0.1
respectively.
The
locus
INRACCDDV0036,
INRACCDDV0304, and INRACCDDV0241 had private
allele for each (185 bp (freq: 0.24), 197 (freq: 0.47), and
137 bp (freq: 0.26), respectively (Figures 1 and 3). In
allele for the locus INRACCDDV0241 with four Egyptian
breeds and Spanish New Zealand White breed. Increasing
the numbers of individuals sampled has two effects, one is
to increase the integer of private alleles in the samples,
thereby increasing the accuracy of the evaluations of gene
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
NZW
Na
Flander ChinchillaCalifornia Babion
Ne No. Private Alleles
He
Figure 3. Allelic patterns across five rabbit breeds. Na:
number of different alleles, Ne: number of effective alleles, No: number
of private alleles, and He: Expected heterozygosity. NZW: New Zealand
White
Genetic Variation and breeds diversity
To estimate the genetic variation of the five rabbit’
breeds, genetic differentiation (FST), and genetic distance
were evaluated. The negative FIS values observed for all
studied locus except the INRACCDDV0022 locus (Table
To cite this paper: Rabie TSKM (2020). Assessment of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Five Rabbit Breeds by Microsatellites Markers Associated with Genes. J.
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