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Volume 15 (3); September 25, 2025

Effects of Nettle (Urtica dioica) Supplementation on Productive Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

Research Paper

Effects of Nettle (Urtica dioica) Supplementation on Productive Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

Pedraza EV, P Ferro, Guerrero JAV, Valdivia JC, Flores ASG, Ramos JAC, Chayña ET, and Garcia PPA.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 275-283, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500026-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.26

ABSTRACT: The global poultry industry is challenged to meet rising demands for sustainable production, prompting interest in plant-based feed additives like Urtica dioica due to their nutritional and functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Urtica dioica on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and intestinal microbiota composition in broiler chickens. The 42-day feeding trial involved 120 male Cobb 500 broiler chickens with an average initial body weight of 41.7 ± 1.2 g. Broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four experimental groups, each consisting of six replicates with ten chickens. The treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with 1% (T1), 2% (T2), or 3% (T3) Urtica dioica, while the control group (T0) was fed the basal diet without additives. Productive performance parameters were recorded weekly, and on day 42, blood profiles and intestinal microbiota composition were evaluated. Results showed that 1% Urtica dioica significantly improved live weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group, with no additional benefits observed at higher inclusion levels. The biochemical assessment showed that broiler chickens supplemented with 1% Urtica dioica exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triacylglycerol levels compared to the control group. Microbial analysis demonstrated a significant increase in Lactobacillus spp. populations and a decrease in coliform bacteria in the 1% supplementation group, suggesting improved gut health. These findings indicated that 1% Urtica dioica supplementation enhances growth, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health in broiler chickens.
Keywords: Urtica dioica, Medicinal Plant, Chicken, Productive performance, Gut microbiota

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Effects of Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extract and Citric Acid on Nutrient Utility, Health, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Research Paper

Effects of Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extract and Citric Acid on Nutrient Utility, Health, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Nasution ASP, Mahfudz LD, and Utama CS.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 284-290, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500027-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.27

ABSTRACT: The broiler chicken industry has rapidly expanded in recent decades due to increasing demand for affordable animal protein and the species' high production efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler chickens' drinking water with green betel leaf extract and citric acid on their nutrient utilization, health, and meat quality. A total of 200 unsexed day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb 500 strain broiler chickens with an average initial weight of 42.17 ± 0.53 g were used. A completely randomized design (CRD) was implemented, comprising four treatment groups with five replications each, and each replicate consisted of 10 broiler chickens. The treatments involved administering drinking water containing a mixture of green betel leaf extract and citric acid at concentrations of 0% (T0, control), 1% of drinking water (10 ml, T1), 2% of drinking water (20 ml, T2), and 3% of drinking water (30 ml, T3). Parameters assessed included nutrient digestibility (protein, fat, and true metabolizable energy), meat quality (protein, fat, cholesterol content, water holding capacity, and drip loss), blood profiles (erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels), and oxidative stress indicators (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde). Results indicated that T3 significantly had higher protein digestibility (77.22%), fat digestibility (76.00%), true metabolizable energy (3,010.09 kcal/kg), and meat protein content (21.26%) compared to T0, while reducing drip loss (27.93%) and MDA levels (7.88 nmol/mL) compared to T0. In conclusion, supplementing drinking water with 3% feed additive effectively enhances nutrient utility, health, and meat quality in broiler chickens.
Keywords: Betel leaf, Broiler, Citric acid, Meat quality, Nutrient utility

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Influence of Breed, Sex, and Age on Body Composition of Turkeys Reared in Southern Benin

Research Paper

Influence of Breed, Sex, and Age on Body Composition of Turkeys Reared in Southern Benin

Baba IL, Bonou AG, Adzona PP, Dotche I, Salifou C, and Youssao Aboudou Karim I.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 291-302, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500028-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.28

ABSTRACT: Exotic turkey breeds generally exhibit superior growth performance compared to indigenous breeds in Benin. While local turkeys are recognized for their hardiness, they tend to demonstrate comparatively lower growth rates and have less well-documented carcass characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the body composition of the local turkey population reared in Southern Benin. Data were collected from 40 turkeys per breed (Exotic and local), totaling 80 turkeys. Each breed included 20 males and 20 females. The turkeys were divided into two age groups, including 7-month-old turkeys (Age-Group 1) and 9-month-old turkeys (Age-Group 2). Following a 24-hour hydrous diet, the turkeys were slaughtered by jugular vein, bled, scalded in water at 75°C, manually plucked, and the hot carcasses were weighed. Each carcass was cut to measure the weight of the wishbone, thigh and shank, wings, head, neck, gizzard, heart, liver, and legs. The current results indicated that the slaughter, hot carcass, and cold carcass weights of the exotic turkey were significantly higher than those of the local turkey. Additionally, male turkeys had notably higher slaughter, hot carcass, and cold carcass weights than females, regardless of breed. Furthermore, the live weight of turkeys at 7 months (3637 g) was significantly lower than at 9 months (4160.98 g). The weights of the breast, thigh, and tail cuts increased significantly as the turkeys aged. However, exceptions were observed in abdominal fat and specific parameters such as cold carcass yield, slaughter weight, and fifth-quarter components, including the heart, gizzard, head, and legs, which showed a positive correlation, especially in the exotic-type breeds. In contrast, no statistically significant correlation was observed between carcass yields at slaughter and abdominal fat in the exotic breed compared to the local breed. It might be beneficial to consider selecting or crossbreeding the local turkey population with more efficient exotic breeds to improve their overall body composition.
Keywords: Body composition, Carcass yield, Exotic turkey, Local turkey, Southern Benin

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Circular Valorization of Acid Silage from Invasive Pterygoplichthys Species in Hens’ Diets: Impacts on Laying Performance and Egg Quality

Research Paper

Circular Valorization of Acid Silage from Invasive Pterygoplichthys Species in Hens’ Diets: Impacts on Laying Performance and Egg Quality

Juárez A, Ordaz G, Cuellar JC, Salas G, and Gutiérrez E.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 303-313, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500029-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.29

ABSTRACT: Pterygoplichthys species, an invasive fish, offers a sustainable protein alternative in poultry feed, aligning with circular economy goals and reducing environmental impact. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating various levels of acid silage derived from Pterygoplichthys species (ASP) into laying hen diets on productive performance and egg quality, as part of a biological waste valorization strategy aligned with circular economy principles. Sixty 35-week-old Rhode Island Red hens (BW 1932.1 ± 10.81 g) were randomly assigned to four isoproteic and isoenergetic dietary treatments containing 0%, 6%, 12%, and 18% ASP over 13 weeks. Productive, egg quality, and economic indicators were recorded weekly. The inclusion of 12% ASP resulted in the highest egg production (82.08%), egg mass (49.32 g/hen/day), and number of eggs per hen per week (5.6), along with improved feed conversion ratio (2.59) and the highest economic efficiency index (17.90%) and profitability, in comparison to the other treatments. Egg quality also improved with ASP, regardless of the inclusion level, particularly in egg weight (60.08 g), shell thickness (0.35 mm), and Haugh units (73.83), compared to the control group. Quadratic regression models identified optimal ASP inclusion levels ranging from 11.2% to 12.3%, depending on the variable analyzed. In conclusion, the inclusion of 12% ASP in laying hen diets represents an effective, profitable, and environmentally responsible nutritional strategy that aligns with the principles of the circular economy and sustainable food production.
Keywords: Acid silage, Circular economy, Egg production, Invasive species

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A Field Study on Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Broiler Chickens in Southern Iraq

Research Paper

A Field Study on Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Broiler Chickens in Southern Iraq

Abdulrasol MA and Abd El-Ghany WA.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 314-320, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500030-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.30

ABSTRACT: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly transmissible avian Gamma-coronavirus that continues to pose a major challenge to poultry health and productivity worldwide, particularly in broiler production systems. The present investigation aimed to detect and characterize IBV infections in broiler flocks located in two districts of Southern Iraq between late 2024 and early 2025. A total of 200 clinically affected broilers (100 broilers from each flock) were sampled, with tracheal and kidney tissues collected for clinical evaluation, histopathological assessment, and viral isolation. Suspected IBV-infected chickens showed respiratory distress, increased mortality, and kidney lesions. The suggestive post-mortem lesions were caseous plug exudates at the tracheal bifurcation, as well as congested and hyperemic kidneys. The inoculation of tracheal and kidney tissue suspension in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) resulted in death, stunting, curling, dwarfism, congestion, and subcutaneous hemorrhages. The histopathological findings in tracheal tissues revealed epithelial desquamation, goblet cell depletion, and lymphocytic infiltration, while kidney findings exhibited tubular degeneration, glomerular disruption, and fibrin deposition. These findings emphasize the need for future studies to focus on the molecular identification of circulating strains, vaccine matching, and monitoring of post-vaccination protection levels in Iraq.
Keywords: Broiler chicken, Histopathology, Infectious bronchitis virus, Isolation, Kidney, Trachea

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Assessing Performance and Economic Efficiency of Table Eggs Production in Southern Togo

Research Paper

Assessing Performance and Economic Efficiency of Table Eggs Production in Southern Togo

Ihou AFY, Georges AA, Alayi A, and Mansingh PJ.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 321-331, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500031-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.31

ABSTRACT: Ensuring better allocation of productive resources necessitates socioeconomic considerations. This study examined the performance of table egg production in southern Togo by determining the breeders’ production efficiency level through the stochastic frontier analysis in table egg production. Consequently, identifying the factors that significantly impact technical and allocative efficiency, and explaining the reasons for the technical inefficiency of table egg production. A parametric approach was used to estimate the technical and allocative efficiency levels from a stochastic frontier analysis. Data were collected from primary sources via a structured questionnaire (open-ended) administered to 88 poultry farms in southern Togo (2021) randomly. The parameters measured in this study were table egg production, the feed consumption during the production (each stage separately), veterinary treatment costs (drugs, vitamins), the flock size, the size of the exploitation, and the related costs of production. The finding indicated that 70% of table egg poultry farms in the Maritime Region of southern Togo are moderately technically efficient, although individual efficiency varies. Factors, such as flock size, labor, and veterinary treatments significantly influence the egg production process. Estimating the stochastic production function frontier revealed that inefficiencies in layer production largely stem from technical inefficiency among producers rather than inefficient resource allocation. The present study shows that poultry farms in Southern Togo exhibit medium technical efficiency but demonstrate effective allocation efficiency. Despite high-capacity facilities and financial constraints, the variation in the poultry breeders' production efficiency is explained by both endogenous and exogenous socioeconomic factors revealed through Tobit analysis. These factors are categorized into two groups, including primary (age, education, active membership, density, conflicts, gender), and secondary (credit, type of feed, association membership). Despite moderate technical efficiency, Southern Togo's poultry farms showed effective resource allocation. Financial constraints hinder full facility optimization, and unregulated input markets contribute to fluctuating costs.
Keywords: Allocative efficiency, Poultry farming, Stochastic frontier analysis, Technical efficiency

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Isolation and Identification of Eimeria spp. From Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basrah, Iraq

Research Paper

Isolation and Identification of Eimeria spp. From Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basrah, Iraq

Saood AI, Khaleefah IA, Aljassim KBN, Mohammad SS, Alkinani AK, and Najem HA.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 332-337, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500032-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.32

ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis is a widespread disease among pigeons worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses due to mortality, morbidity, and reduced feed efficiency. The present study aimed to isolate a field strain of Eimeria spp. in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basra, Iraq. To ensure precise species identification, light microscopy techniques were combined with the advanced molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sixty fresh fecal samples were collected from pigeon lofts, ensuring minimal environmental disturbance and contamination. The flotation method was employed to analyze fecal samples. The present results indicated that 36 out of 60 samples contained coccidian oocysts, which represented an overall prevalence of 60%. The PCR technique was employed to amplify the 18S rRNA genes, which were subsequently utilized for sample detection. Six representative sequences were selected, registered, and deposited in the NCBI database (PV459631.1, PV459632.1, PV459633.1, PV459634.1, PV459635.1, and PV459636.1). The present findings were validated through molecular analysis, and six representative gene sequences were submitted to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The current study revealed a high prevalence of coccidiosis, affecting 60% of domestic pigeons in Basra, highlighting its impact on their health. Moreover, this is the first report of Eimeria chalcoptereae in pigeons from Basra, Iraq.
Keywords: Eimeria chalcoptereae, Molecular technique, Phylogeny, Pigeon

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Effects of Vibration Sensor on Mitigation Risk of Halal Chicken Slaughtering System

Research Paper

Effects of Vibration Sensor on Mitigation Risk of Halal Chicken Slaughtering System

Rosyidi K, Santoso I, Wibisono Y, and Sucipto S.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 338-349, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500033-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.33

ABSTRACT: Ensuring compliance with halal standards in poultry slaughtering involves both following religious principles and implementing strict scientific and technological measures. Integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides opportunities to enhance the reliability and objectivity of halal verification processes, particularly in identifying critical control points, such as animal death, specifically the death of chickens during the slaughter process, before entering the scalding stage. The present study aimed to design a halal risk mitigation system based on IoT, focusing on the critical point of complete chicken death, defined as the total absence of movement in the chicken after slaughter, through critical analysis. It is known that the stage between post-slaughter and pre-burning is the most crucial phase, where the highest risk is that the chicken has not entirely died due to ineffective slaughter. This system was developed using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller connected to a vibration sensor or passive infrared sensor and was equipped with real-time notifications via the Thingspeak cloud dashboard, indicating the waiting time for complete death and the number of vibrations. Testing on 30 chickens demonstrated a detection accuracy of 92.5% compared to manual observations by halal auditors, with consistent performance across different environmental conditions. This system can detect the movement of chicken remains after slaughter in an average of 15 to 20 seconds, providing an early warning of potential halal violations rules. The current results demonstrated that the vibration sensor effectively facilitated the execution of halal slaughtering principles through an early-warning mechanism designed to prevent chickens from entering the scalding phase while still alive. This ensures the humane death of chickens and the regulation of halal critical control points in line with the Indonesian national standard for halal poultry slaughter.
Keywords: Criticality analysis, Halal slaughter, Risk management, Poultry industry, Vibration sensor

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Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Economic Aspects of Pekin Duck Growing in Dhamrai Area of Bangladesh

Research Paper

Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Economic Aspects of Pekin Duck Growing in Dhamrai Area of Bangladesh

Sultana S, Islam S, Islam MA, Khatun R, and Ahmed S.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 350-365, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500034-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.34

ABSTRACT: White Pekin ducks are a valuable addition to the poultry industry in Bangladesh with their adaptability, rapid growth rate, and excellent meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance, meat quality, and socio-economic aspects of White Pekin ducks in the Dhamrai area of Bangladesh. The study was carried out between January and April 2024 by distributing a total of 250 one-day-old Pekin ducklings among 25 selected farmers. Farmers were chosen based on their willingness, capacity, and adequate housing facilities to observe the growth characteristics, carcass traits, and economic values of Pekin ducks. The farmers were mainly middle-aged (46 years) with an average family size of 4.16 and had farming experience of 9 years. Livestock and poultry rearing were the primary occupation for 72% of farmers, and Pekin duck farming was pursued for both household consumption and extra income. The ducks showed consistent growth, increasing from 53.17 g at day-old to 1812.82 g at 9 weeks, with an average daily gain of 82.97 g. At the marketing age (10 weeks), the average dressing percentage was 74. The carcasses of male and female ducks differed slightly in terms of organ and fat distribution, with males generally had heavier internal organs and giblets, while females had slightly higher fat (2.10%). The nutrient content of breast and thigh muscles showed differences in water and fat content, with males generally having a higher dry matter of 29.13%. The Benefit-Cost ratio of Pekin duck farming was 1.59; however, the majority of farmers faced constraints due to higher feed prices and a lack of quality ducklings for Pekin duck production. Therefore, improving management practices, biosecurity measures, and access to better inputs could enhance the profitability and sustainability of Pekin duck farming.
Keywords: Benefit-cost ratio, Carcass trait, Dressing percentage, Growth performance, Pekin duck

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Simulation of Multiple mediation variables for finding the ideal model to improve the performance of the chicken farming business in Indonesia

Research Paper

Simulation of Multiple Mediation Variables for Finding the Ideal Model to Improve the Performance of the Chicken Farming Business in Indonesia

Darmawan DP, Arisena GMK, Wiguna PPK, Dewi NLMM, Dewi AAIAP, Sahatmana GW, Krisnandika AAK and Rahayu NNAP.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 366-378, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500035-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.35

ABSTRACT: The success of chicken farming can be assessed using performance indicators. The present study aimed to investigate internal and external environmental factors, entrepreneurial skills, innovation, financial management, and the business performance of chicken farms in the Penebel District, Indonesia. A total of 51 chicken farmers meeting the criteria were included as the study sample. Data collection methods included interviews, surveys, documentation, and literature review. The analysis employed quantitative descriptive methods, including simple tabulation and generalized structured component analysis software. The feasibility of the initial model was tested, and if any discrepancies were found, the model was re-specified and retested until it achieved overall goodness-of-fit criteria. The simulation model included 11 paths connecting variables. Five path coefficients demonstrated significant effects, while six did not. Significant effects were found between the internal environment and entrepreneurship, the external environment and entrepreneurship, the internal environment and innovation, the external environment and innovation, and the internal environment and financial management. The present findings indicated that entrepreneurship did not serve as a mediating variable. The internal and external environments significantly impacted farmers’ entrepreneurial skills. However, entrepreneurial skills did not significantly enhance business performance. Furthermore, internal and external factors influenced innovation, but innovation did not affect business performance.
Keywords: Business competence, Business environment, Business performance, Chicken farming, Financial management, Innovation

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Isolation and Identification of Eimeria spp. From Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basrah, Iraq

Research Paper

Integrating Halal Management Systems and Control Points in Poultry Processing: A Transnational Compliance Case from Thailand to Malaysia

Khamnurak H, Taeali A, and Rahman MM.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 379-388, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500036-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.36

ABSTRACT: Halal poultry production in Thailand is vital for strengthening its position in the global halal poultry market. The present study aimed to explore the strategic significance of halal management systems (HMS) and halal control points (HCPs) for the global halal poultry industry by investigating their application in Thailand and assessing compliance with Malaysian standards. The present study focused on certified Thai poultry slaughter and processing facilities located in Thailand and approved for export to Malaysia. Additionally, the present study explored the religious, technical, and institutional requirements compatible with poultry processing to fulfill the requirements of the Department of Veterinary Services and the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia. Employing a qualitative case study methodology that encompassed document analysis, in-depth interviews, and field observations, the present study identified eight critical HCPs immersed within a large 59-step operational process, focusing on key issues concerning animal welfare, ritual slaughter, hygiene, and prevention measures contamination. The integration of HMS and HCPs into the operational flow of poultry processing facilities required a structured approach, incorporating halal food-general requirements, the Malaysian protocol for halal meat and poultry production, and the Malaysian halal management. The present findings provided significant contributions to cross-border halal governance, supporting the development of a framework that enhances halal assurance in the international poultry processing industry and comprehensively addresses the halal poultry standards market.
Keywords: Halal control point, Halal management system, Poultry processing, Slaughterhouse

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Evaluation of Broiler Chicken Farmers’ Knowledge and Antibiotic Usage Practices and the Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in Bali, Indonesia

Research Paper

Evaluation of Broiler Chicken Farmers’ Knowledge and Antibiotic Usage Practices and the Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in Bali, Indonesia

Putra IGBAK, Agustina KK, Suardana IW, Suwiti NK, I TenayaWM, Sudipa PH, Utami YM, and Besung INK.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 389-395, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500037-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.37

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that seriously affects public health, animal welfare, and the sustainability of food production systems. In the poultry sector, irrational use of antibiotics is a key factor contributing to the emergence of resistance. This study investigated the association between broiler farmers’ knowledge and their antibiotic usage practices with the resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in broiler chickens. The study employed a cross-sectional design and included 20 broiler farms located in Tabanan Regency, Indonesia. Knowledge and practices were assessed using structured questionnaires, while five tracheal swab samples were collected from randomly selected chickens on each farm. These samples were pooled and tested in the laboratory to identify Staphylococcus spp. and determine their susceptibility to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycycline. The antibiotic susceptibility test followed the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the associations between variables were examined using cubic regression analysis. Based on the scores obtained from the structured questionnaires, the majority of farmers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (65%) and a moderate level of antibiotic usage practices (60%). Laboratory testing revealed that Staphylococcus spp. isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (75%), followed by erythromycin (60%), doxycycline (55%), and ciprofloxacin (30%). The results showed that most farmers had moderate knowledge (65%) and practices (60%), with the highest resistance observed against amoxicillin (75%), followed by erythromycin (60%), doxycycline (55%), and ciprofloxacin (30%). A significant positive correlation was found between farmers’ knowledge scores and their antibiotic usage practice scores (r = 0.683, R² = 0.467), indicating that higher knowledge was associated with better practices; however, practices were not significantly associated with inhibition zone diameters. These findings suggested that low antibiotic literacy may lead to improper use, while bacterial resistance is also influenced by external factors such as environmental contamination, horizontal gene transfer, and centralized medication protocols in contract farming.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Broiler, Knowledge, Practice, Staphylococcus spp.

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Effects of Fermented Sargassum binderi Meal on Productivity and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

Research Paper

Effects of Fermented Sargassum binderi Meal on Productivity and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

Dewi YL, Sofyan A, and Mahata ME.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 396-406, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500038-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.38

ABSTRACT: Brown algae, such as Sargassum binderi (S. binderi), are abundantly present in marine ecosystems and constitute a valuable natural resource. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented S. binderi meal on the performance of laying hens and egg quality, as well as to establish the safe limits of its usage in the diet of laying hens. The 200 Isa Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to five different treatment groups based on fermented S. binderi levels, including the control group, which received 0% fermented S. binderi, while the other treatment groups received 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% fermented S. binderi, respectively, over six weeks. At the end of the experiment, 80 eggs were assessed for quality. The variables included feed intake, hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio, as well as external egg quality measures such as eggshell weight, percentage of eggshell, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg length, egg width, and egg shape index and internal egg quality parameters including yolk weight, percentage of yolk, albumin weight, percentage of albumin, yolk color index, and haugh unit (HU). The current results indicated that the inclusion of fermented S. binderi at levels of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16% in laying hens’ diets had no significant effect on performance or external and internal egg quality. The utilization of fermented S. binderi is considered safe when incorporated at levels up to 16% within diets for laying hens.
Keywords: Egg quality, Fermented Sargassum binderi, Laying hen, Performance, Sargassum binderi

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Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Domestic Pigeons: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Strategies with Emphasis on Chitosan Nanoparticles

Review

Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Domestic Pigeons: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Strategies with Emphasis on Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abdulrasol MA, Abd El-Ghany WAE-G, and Najem HA.

J. World Poult. Res. 15(3): 407-417, 2025; pii: S2322455X2500039-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2025.39

ABSTRACT: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), is a highly contagious pathogen that affects most avian species, including domestic pigeons (Columba livia), leading to Newcastle disease (ND). The ND in pigeons is attributed to pigeon-specific strains of NDV, predominantly characterized by the emergence of pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1). This viral strain is specifically adapted to affect avian species, particularly within the pigeon population, resulting in distinct pathological features associated with the disease. The ND was correlated with severe respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal manifestations, resulting in elevated morbidity and mortality rates, which may reach up to 80%. The present study provided an updated overview of the pathogenesis, clinical and pathological features, and diagnostic approaches related to NDV infection in domestic pigeons worldwide. Conventional and modern vaccination strategies were discussed in the present study, with a focus on mucosal immunization. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CS-NPs) have emerged as a promising vaccine delivery platform due to their compatibility with biological systems, strong adhesion to mucosal surfaces, and ability to enhance antigen stability and stimulate the immune response. The CS-NPs improved antigen uptake at mucosal surfaces in poultry and stimulated both humoral and cellular immune responses, which included activating cytotoxic T cells, producing cytokines, and secreting immunoglobulins at mucosal sites. The present review may contribute to the advancement of more effective and targeted vaccine strategies against NDV in pigeons and other avian species.
Keywords: Chitosan, Live vaccine, Nanoparticle, Newcastle disease, Paramyxovirus, Pigeon