Previous issue | Next issue | Archive
Volume 7 (3); September 25, 2017 [Booklet]
Use of Mannan- Oligosaccharides (MOS) As a Feed Additive in Poultry Nutrition.
Saeed M, Ahmad F, Asif Arain M, Abd El-Hack M-E, Emam M and Ahmed Bhutto Z.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 94-103; pii: S2322455X1700012-7
ABSTRACT:
The European Union banned using all prophylactic antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry nutrition. As a result, the poultry nutritionist is now forced to look for growth promoting antibiotic alternatives, or at least considerably demote the amount of antibiotics used to sustain efficient broiler meat production and to be able to produce safe poultry egg and meat products. The Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), is a type of probiotics originated from the yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has gained more prominent attention, mainly due to its ability to bind the threadlike fimbriae on pathogenic bacteria preventing them from attaching to the gut wall, thereby averting their stabilization and the resulting colonization and multiplication, up to the disease level, so it had been showed to be a most capable solution for antibiotic-free diets, as well as furnishing effective support for digestion and immunity in poultry. Several investigations confirmed that using MOS as a feed supplement in poultry diets allowed birds to achieve a similar trend as when they were fed a diet enriched with antibiotic growth promoters. In addition, MOS has also shown to have a positive affection on bodyweight gain, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg production, fertility, and hatchability thus ameliorating well-being, energy levels and performance of avian species. Furthermore, it is also thought that it plays a role as an antioxidant, helping with mineral retention, improving bone mineralization and subsequently the overall improvement the performance of poultry birds. This review article has aimed to illuminate its sources, mode of action and beneficial applications of MOS in poultry diet for improving, production, immunity, safeguarding health among consumers and it ought to be used as a natural growth promoter on a commercial level in order to replace synthetic antibiotics in the poultry industry.
Key words: Antioxidant, Feed additive, Gastrointestinal health, Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), Performance, Poultry
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Effect of Aging on Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Chicken Breast Muscle.
Tarai S, Thyagarajan D and Srinivasan G.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 104-113; pii: S2322455X1700013-7
ABSTRACT:
Efficient conversion of food into body mass has been associated with altered gene expression of some proteins of the electron transport chain. We evaluated the effect of age on the mRNA expression of Cytochrome oxidase III(COX III), avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT), avian PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (avPGC-1α), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in chicken. A total of 90 male birds each from Nandanam B2, Rhode Island Red, Aseel and White Leghorn, were divided into three replicates containing 30 birds each and used for the study. Production parameters consist of body weight, body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and cumulative feed efficiency at fourth and eighth weeks of age were recorded. Total RNA was extracted from the breast muscle tissue of male birds and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real-time PCR analysis was performed using specific primers for the genes. The greatest reduction was observed when comparing fourth and eighth week old birds in COX III, avANT mRNA expression levels were then followed by avPGC-1α and increased mRNA expression levels were observed in PPARγ followed by avUCP at eighth week of age. The study revealed phenotypic differences in production traits as well as the difference in expression of mitochondrial gene like COX III, avANT, avPGC-1α, PPARγ and avUCP expression level change with age in chickens.
Key words: Ageing, Mitochondia, PPARγ, COX III, avANT, avPGC-1α, avUCP
Growth Performance and Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Different Breeds of Rural Chickens.
Parveen A, Khan SH, Khawaja T, Iftikhar N and Khan S.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 114-122; pii: S2322455X1700014-7
ABSTRACT:
A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old-chicks of each Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds were reared and maintained on deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. In floor pens, each breed was reared separately in a single pen until 7 weeks of age when the 2000 birds had been randomly distributed between pens, with 21 to 24 birds of the same breed per pen (2.00 to 2.50 ft2/bird). The results had revealed that the average day old weight was the highest in RIR, intermediate in Desi and lowest in Fayoumi. The RIR breed had consumed more feed and therefore, gained the highest weight gain than as compared to those of Desi and Fayoumi breeds at all ages of growing phase. The feed conversion was best in RIR and lowest in Desi breed. Desi and Fayoumi chicks had a lower mortality than the RIR breed chicks. The meat composition was found to be insignificant amongst the three breeds. There was no significant difference in blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, protein, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase values amongst the three breeds. There was also no significant difference in hematological values among all breeds. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and packed cell volume increased with the advancement of age. However, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that overall, RIR chickens had performed better than Fayoumi and Desi chickens. However, a lower mortality rate had been observed in Desi chickens.
Key words: Rural chicken, Body weight, Feed intake, Meat composition, Biochemical parameter
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Immunity in Broiler Chicks Fed Dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris Extracts.
Habibi H and Firouzi S.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 123-128; pii: S2322455X1700015-7
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administrating herbal extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris into broilers drinking water on performance, immune response and serum biochemical and Phyto hemagglutinin. 270 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to nine dietary treatments in a randomized manner. Each treatment was given to two replicates of 15 birds. The variables of T. vulgaris extract were 1% and 2% and variables of E. purpurea extract were 0%, 1% and 2% in drinking water. Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were recorded at the end of the experiment. Antibody responses against Newcastle disease viruses were measured after blood sampling at 42 days of age. The plant extracts did not affect BW, FI and FCR (P > 0.05). Antibody titers against NDV were significantly affected by the administration of E. purpurea (P < 0.05). The highest elevation was for the birds that were administrated with 2% E. purpurea from 1 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Administration of thyme extracts had improved serum biochemical parameters as compared with Echinacea and control group. It was concluded that under these research conditions, high levels of E. purpurea extracts had increased the broiler chickens’ immunity.
Key words: Broiler, Echinacea purpurea extract, Immunity, Performance, Thymus vulgaris extract.
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Effect of Plumage Color and Body Weight on the Semen Quality of Naked Neck Chicken.
Abbass W, Jabbar A, Riaz A, Akram M and Allah Ditta Y.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 129-133; pii: S2322455X1700016-7
ABSTRACT:
The low fertility of local chicken breeds is a major issue in backyard poultry system. The fertility rate varies among different males due to their difference in semen quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plumage color and body weight on the semen quality of Naked Neck chicken. The Naked Neck males (n=18) vary in three plumage colors (black=6, brown=6, white=6) and each color contains two body weight sub groups (heavy= >1600gm n=3 and light= 1600 gm) contained significantly more semen volume (0.21±0.02 ml) and sperm concentration (1.88±0.06×109 ml) than the lightweight group (light = < 1600 gm). So, black plumage color roosters of can be use to enhance fertility rate of naked neck chickens.
Key words: Body weight, Naked neck chicken, Plumage color, Semen quality
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Potential of Commercial Spice Mixes to Enhance the Quality and to Extend the Shelf Life of Raw Chicken Breasts.
Subbarayan S, Ruggoo A and Neetoo H.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 134-144; pii: S2322455X1700017-7
ABSTRACT:
Raw chicken harbors spoilage microorganisms such as the Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (MAB), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Spoilage Yeasts (SY) and Pseudomonas, which limit product shelf life. This study compared the potential of three spice mixes (“Tandoori”, “Kalia” and “Massala”) to extend the shelf life of raw chicken. Chicken breasts were marinated with each of the spice mixes (3% w/w), and subsequently refrigerated for up to 15 days. Marinated and un-marinated samples were withdrawn at three-day intervals and analyzed for enumeration of MAB, LAB, SY and Pseudomonas. After three days, chicken marinated with “Tandoori” and “Kalia” spices had a significantly (P 0.05) observed in the final MAB counts between treated samples (7.51-7.88 log cfu/g) and untreated controls (7.88 log cfu/g). There were also no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the counts of Pseudomonas (2.65-3.64 log cfu/g), LAB (2.56-4.20 log cfu/g) and SY (2.60-4.15 log cfu/g) over the 15-day storage. Since the onset of microbial spoilage is marked by MAB reaching 7 log cfu/g, the microbiological shelf-life of marinated and un-marinated chicken breasts were estimated at 12 and 6 days respectively. However, based on the sensorial attributes, both marinated and un-marinated chicken received poor acceptability scores after six and three days respectively. Commercial spice mixes can thus extend the refrigerated shelf-life of raw chicken by three days to a maximum of six days.
Keywords: Breast, Chicken, Quality, Shelf-life, Spice
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Efficacy of Combined Vaccine against Salmonellosis and Infectious Coryza in Poultry.
Ibrahim HM, Abd El-Aziz WR, El Sawy H, Sayed RH and Mohammed GM.
J. World Poult. Res. 7(3): 145-153; pii: S2322455X1700018-7
ABSTRACT:
In the present study, efficacy of two prepared combined vaccines against salmonellosis and infectious coryza in poultry has been studied. Two vaccines were prepared using Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis combined with Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A, B, and C. one vaccine was adjuvanated with aluminium hydroxide gel and the other adjuvanated with montanide ISA71. The two vaccines were assayed in six weeks old Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) white Lohman layer chickens by injecting two doses of each vaccine 3 weeks apart. These chickens were challenged with either Salmonella virulent strains or Avibacterium paragallinarum different serovars 3 weeks post second dose. Antibody titers in sera of chickens against different antigens were higher in groups vaccinated with montanide oil vaccine than those vaccinated with aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine as detected by different serological tests; ELISA, micro-agglutination test and haem-agglutination inhibition test. Protection rate against challenge test were 80% and 85% for Salmonella and (80%; 90%, and 70%) and (90%; 100%, and 90%) to Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A, B, and C respectively for combined vaccine adjuvanated by aluminum hydroxide gel and montanide ISA71. The protection rate was 15% against Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis and 0% against infectious coryza among the unvaccinated chicken group.it could be concluded that producing a vaccine from locally isolated Salmonella and Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum strains adjuvanated with montanide ISA71 is recommended to aid in controlling avian salmonellosis and Infectious coryza at the same time.
Key words: Aluminum hydroxide gel, Chicken, Infectious coryza, Salmonellosis, Vaccine.
[Full text-PDF] [XML] [Import into EndNote] [Citations on Google Scholar]
Previous issue | Next issue | Archive
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.