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Volume 14 (3); September 25, 2024, In Progress
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Research Paper
Effects of Thermal Manipulation During the Second Half of Incubation on Embryo Physiology, Hatching Parameters, and Quality of Broiler Chickens in Tropical Climate of Togo
Tankouano RA, Meteyake H, Oke OE, Lawson-Evi P, and Tona K.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 264-272, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400027-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.27
ABSTRACT: Chickens are sensitive to environmental challenges caused by temperature. The current study aimed to determine the effects of heat manipulation during embryonic development on the physiological responses of Goliath chickens. A total of 2000 hatching eggs from 48-week-old breeders were weighed, numbered, and randomly distributed equally into 4 incubators. Each incubator received 500 eggs (4 replicates of 125 eggs each). Eggs in two of the incubators were rotated hourly at a 45° angle and maintained at 37.8°C and 60% relative humidity (T0 groups). Between embryonic days (ED) 10 and 18 of incubation, the eggs from the other two incubators were heated to 38.5°C for 6 hours per day (T1 groups). The eggs were reweighed and candled, and viable eggs were moved to the hatching baskets at ED 18 of incubation. Hatching eggs were examined individually for hatching events every three hours during the final three days of incubation. On day 21, blood samples were collected from 12 chicks per group for hormonal and biochemical analyses. The evaluated blood parameters included Triiodothyronine (T3), T4 (thyroxine), cortisol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein. At hatch, chicks were weighed and their quality (survival after hatching and performance standards) was evaluated. Data were collected on embryonic development, hatching window, hatching events, biochemical parameters, and hormonal concentrations. Results indicated that hatchability, chick’s weight, Tri-iodothyronine, and corticosterone were higher in the T1 group, compared to the control group. At hatch on day 21, the pipping muscle of chicks in the treated group (T1) was significantly heavier than that of the control group, while the embryonic mortality rate was significantly higher in the T0 group. In conclusion, applying heat treatment for 6 hours at 38.5°C from ED10-ED18 of embryogenesis increased significantly the hatching rate, the pipping muscle, and the chick’s weight in this study.
Keywords: Embryonic development, Physiology, Slow-growing broiler, Thermal manipulation, Tropical climate
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Research Paper
Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Neem Leaf and Ginger Rhizome on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Pure and Crossbred Chickens
Anizoba NW, Ugwu SO, Ndofor-Foleng HM, Onyimonyi AE, Ikeh NE, Ezenwosu C, Amaefule BC, Ugwu CM, Nwoga CC, Udeh FU, Ugwuoke JI, Madu PO, Damian-Ozoke R, Chukwudi P, Onuorah SI, and Machebe NS.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 273-281, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400028-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.28
ABSTRACT: Neem leaf and ginger rhizome contain numerous chemical components that are biologically active and are widely utilized in medications to treat various illnesses. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of aqueous neem leaf and ginger rhizome extracts on the growth performance and hematological parameters in the three breeds of chicken. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks from 3 genetic groups consisting of 120 Noiler chicks, 120 Heavy Ecotype chicks, and 120 main cross chicks were considered for this study. Each breed of chickens was randomly distributed into four groups, with three replications per group. Each replication consisted of eight females and two males, raised in a deep litter system. A 3×4 factorial arrangement was employed, involving four levels of plant extracts: a control group receiving the basal diet without any extract, a group receiving 200 ml of neem extract (NE200), a group receiving 200 ml of ginger extract (GE200), and a group receiving 100 ml of neem + 100 ml of ginger extract (NE100+GE100). The chickens were evaluated for growth parameters such as initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) as well as some haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (P), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Noiler chickens receiving NE100+GE100 and GE200 showed the highest final body weight and daily weight gain. The results of the haematological indices revealed that the interaction effect of genotype and plant extracts on all the treatment groups were significantly different for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet (P). Some haematological indices such as Hb, PCV, WBC, and platelet were better for chickens receiving GE200 and NE100+GE100 compared to NE200 and control groups. In conclusion, the interaction of GE200 and NE100+GE100 with Noiler and main cross chickens was beneficial, with no adverse effects on the physiological traits and health status of the chickens 16 weeks of age.
Keywords: Haematology, Heavy ecotype, Heterosis, Noiler, Performance, Plant extracts
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Research Paper
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia
Sunartatie T, Safika, Abhirama HR, Citra, Kurnia RS, Putra MA, Nugroho CMH, Mayasari NLPI, and Indrawati A.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 282-290, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400029-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.29
ABSTRACT: Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype A, pose significant threats to poultry farming. The use of antibiotics to treat these infections can lead to antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to identify Pasteurella multocida from 14 Hisex Brown layer chicken hen farms, with chikens aged 25-55 weeks, in West Java, Indonesia, and to evaluate their resistance to various antibiotics. Three samples from each farm were collected from dead chickens having symptoms of fowl cholera. Initially, the study involved isolating and identifying isolates from liver, heart, and lung organs via polymerase chain reaction. The colony was then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that 13 samples were Pasteurella multocida and nine were serotype A. The test results also indicated that all isolates were resistant to colistin (10 µg) and sensitive to tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (25 µg), enrofloxacin (5 µg), sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), lincomycin (109 µg), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg). The study concluded that none of the Pasteurella multocida type A isolates were any longer sensitive to colistin, with some isolates still sensitive to tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin, and two isolates showing multidrug resistance patterns.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Fowl cholera, Pasteurella multocida, Layer chicken
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Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens |
Research Paper
Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens
Al Hadi RA and Al Fadel F.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 291-296, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400030-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.30
ABSTRACT: Due to the extreme importance of the poultry industry in securing animal proteins for humans, it is necessary to expand the research related to increasing egg production without resorting to antibiotics, which pose significant drawbacks. This study explored the impact of sage plant extracts, known for their bioactive compounds, on the production indicators of laying hens. Thirty chickens were randomly assigned to three groups, including a control group and two experimental groups (T1 and T2) receiving sage plant aqueous extract at 0.1% and 0.2% in their diets, respectively. The egg production percentage, egg weight percentage, percentage of daily feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient, and blood calcium concentrations were measured. The results indicated that supplementation of sage extract in the diet of the laying hens under study increased daily egg production percentage and daily egg yield significantly in group T2 (87.63%, 59.7 eggs/day) and improved average egg weight (68.23 grams) in group T1. Moreover, there was no significant difference in daily feed consumption among the tested hens. A notable reduction was also observed in the feed conversion ratio to 2.09 in group T2.
Keywords: Feed additive, Laying hen, Plant extract, Productivity, Sage
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Research Paper
Heritability and Genetic Correlations of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in White and Brown Strains of Japanese Quail
El-Attrouny MM, Iraqi MM, and Nassar FS.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 297-307, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400031-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.31
ABSTRACT: Successful breeding programs for Japanese quails rely on accurately estimating genetic parameters linked to economically important traits such as body weight, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate body weight (BW) characteristics, carcass attributes, and their genetic correlations with select meat quality traits in two strains of Japanese quail (white and brown). A total of 530 quail chicks, with 265 from each strain, were included in the analysis. At six weeks of age, the quails were slaughtered, and carcass traits as well as amino acid profiles were measured. For BW traits, the heritability (h2) estimates ranged from 0.27 at d 1 to 0.36 at d 42. The h2 estimated for carcass traits ranged from 0.19 for liver weight, to 0.42 for carcass yield (CY). The h2 estimated for drip loss (DL) of meat quality was 0.21, and the h2 estimate was 0.35 for the meat's ultimate Ph (Phu). White quail quails recorded the heaviest weight of all carcass traits. Also, white quails had the highest water-holding capacity (WHC), yellowness (b*), and lightness (L*) with the lowest level of DL, cooking losses (CL), and redness (a*) in muscles compared with brown quails. A high genetic correlation of 0.32 was noted between CW carcass weight (CW) and b*. For the pHU, a negative correlation of -0.11 was exhibited with BW. In contrast, L* appeared to have a positive but smaller relationship with CW and CY. High negative correlations were noted for b* with BW and CY -0.24 and -0.27, respectively. The CW showed a moderate relationship (0.19) with CL. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the white quail strain had high BW, as well as the finest carcass traits and meat quality. Therefore, white plumage Japanese quail might be preferred as a meat-producing strain.
Keywords: Amino acid, Carcass, Genetic correlation, Meat quality, Heritability, Quail
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Research Paper
Carcass Characteristics and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard Chicken Strains Fed on Commercial and Farm-Formulated Diets
Negari B, Yusuf Y, Hundie D, Ameha N, Kebede K, Abrar K, and Diba D.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 308-323, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400032-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.32
ABSTRACT: The limits of commercial diets, their quality, and their rising costs are some of the major challenges to broiler production in Ethiopia. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate carcass yield characteristics and blood biochemical parameters of Cobb-500 and Hubbard chicken strains fed on farm-formulated diets (T1) and three different commercial diets (T2, T3, and T4). A total of 384 mixed-sex day-old chicks (192 per strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with four replicates, each consisting of 12 broilers. The experiment was set up as a 2 × 4 factorial design, providing each strain with four diets in a completely randomized design. After 42 days of the experiment, one male and one female of each strain from each pen (eight birds per treatment) were slaughtered for carcass yield and hematological analysis. Although diets had a significant impact on live body weight, feed conversion ratio, and feed consumption among the study treatments, they had no significant effect on the mortality rate of the broilers as a whole. There was a significant effect of strains on the weight of eviscerate, dress, thigh, drumstick, breast, neck, back, and eviscerate yield percentage, with Cobb 500 showing higher values than Hubbard broilers. The farm-formulated diet (T1) significantly increased the weight of non-edible offal compared to the commercial diets, except for the weight of crops and lungs, which were similar to those in commercial diet group T4. The Hubbard strain showed a higher least square mean for packed cell volume than the Cobb-500 strain. Sex was found to have no significant impact on the hematological parameters. The farm-formulated diet (T1) also resulted in a higher marginal return rate than that of the commercial diet (T3) in the Cobb-500 strain. These findings suggest that locally sourced farm-formulated diets could be a viable alternative to commercial diets for broiler chickens in the study area.
Keywords: Broiler chicken, biochemical parameter, Carcass trait, Farm-made diet, Haematology, Profitable
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Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors |
Research Paper
Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors
Mohammed AN.
J. World Poult. Res. 14(3): 324-330, 2024; pii: S2322455X2400033-14
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2024.33
ABSTRACT: Poultry farming has been recognized as one of the most vital sectors for the economy and revenue generation in many countries. For the production of high-quality freshly hatched chicks, effective cleaning and sanitation of the hatchery environment and hatching eggs were crucial components of proper management and hygiene in chicken hatcheries. The current review aimed to assess the efficient ways of mitigating the risk of disease introduction (external biosecurity) and its subsequent dissemination (internal biosecurity) within and between poultry farms and hatcheries. In addition to identifying the variety of risk categories that are applied to various biosecurity industries, this article clarified the equivalent tools, including checklists and/or questionnaires, that can be used to assess biosecurity compliance. The checklist was aimed to evaluate numerous biosecurity protocol categories, including the farm's infrastructure, employees, their education and training, access control mechanisms, cleaning and disinfection procedures, handling of litter and waste, chick control, registrations, and pest management. In conclusion, external biosecurity was critical to preventing infections from entering hatcheries and poultry farms. Questionnaires or checklists were effective instruments for gathering information on biosecurity and evaluating compliance in poultry farms.
Keywords: Biosecurity compliance, Checklist, Hazard, Poultry sector
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
